Suspected Pedophile Cleared by Computer Forensics by John Leyden Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The author explains that a person named Karl Scofield escaped the accusation of being a pedophile on the basis of Trojan infection. Apart from this, Aaron Caffrey, the teenage hacker who was accused of crippling Houston web-based system was also found not guilty on the basis of Trojan infection. The prosecutor claimed that Trojan was not the reason for defenders crime and the counterclaim was that the Trojan could wipe itself out of the system after its goal. According to Leyden(2003) Nobody is disputing the validity of these verdicts, however legal and security experts have expressed concerns that the Trojan defense might become subject to misuse .Here the author is focusing on the escapade of pedophile culprits on the basis of Trojan virus programmer. It has been advised that Trojan virus had been misused for the sake of saving heinous criminals and there are no loopholes to claim otherwise. As per Harley(2010) A few years ago the Trojan defense started to pop up in all sorts of cases, but it is currently particularly associated with child-related offenses, at least in popular perception .We will write a custom essay sample on Suspected Pedophile Cleared by Computer Forensics by John Leyden or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This decade being technologically advanced one, the influence of the internet is high on society. With the advent of the internet, privacy and crime statistics have increased incredibly, which cannot be blamed on anyone authority in real sense.

Socioeconomic Status And Parenting Styles - 869 Words

Economic status affects the quality of life of the family, such as a lifestyle and a family relationship. When parents have a financial problem, they are distressed and cannot have a quality time with children. For example, a low-income status parents have arguments and fight over their financial problems which cause distress such as a depression and an anxiety; in addition, parents have unstable relationship and become impatient or uninvolved for their children. Importantly, parents are the most influential agent of the socialization of children. Therefore, the economic status of parents indirectly affects on the quality of life of children. Importantly, Rebbeca M. Ryan, Amy Claessens, and Anna J. Markowitz (2015) inform that children’s outcome behaviors are affected by their quality of life which indirectly associated with the socioeconomic status. In addition, Liliana J. Lengua,Cara Kiff, Lyndsey Moran, Maureen Zalewski, Stephanie Thompson, Rebecca Cortes, and Erika Ruberry (2014) explain that there is a strong correlation between socioeconomic status and parenting styles and these factors have a huge impact on the outcome behaviors of children. For instance, low-income status parents have a low self-regulation compared to higher-income status parents, which affect their parenting styles (Lengua, L. J., Kiff, C., Moran, L., Zalewski, M., Thompson, S., Cortes, R., Ruberry, E., 2014). Therefore, the family structure and parenting styles are correlated with theShow MoreRelatedParenting Techniques and Their Influences on Their Child‚Äà ´s Behavior and Habits.1227 Words   |  5 PagesParenting Techniqu es and Their Influences on Their Child’s Behavior and Habits. McNeese State University Abstract Parenting techniques and beliefs are essential to the growth of any child. Parents instill habits, behaviors, and moral sense in to their children at an early age. Children benefit when parents engage themselves in to their child’s life. In saying that, parents also have to learn to adapt to what their child needs and teach them to assert themselves andRead MoreParenting Style, Socio Economic Status Of Family And Maternal Education1534 Words   |  7 Pageswould like to discuss are the parenting style, socio-economic status of family and maternal education. Parenting Style Parenting style is a standard strategy that parents use to care and educate for their child. Baumrind, who studied parenting styles during the early 1960s, concluded that they differ in four important areas: parents warmth/nurturance, discipline strategy, communication skills, and expectations of maturity. She posited three types of parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive,Read MoreParenthood Is A Typical Illustration Of Developmental Psychology1397 Words   |  6 PagesParenthood Daniel Baleho The movie parenthood is a typical illustration of developmental psychology in early childhood, middle childhood as well as adulthood. Ecological system and the role of subsystems, socioeconomical status and parenting style is clearly portrayed in it the Buckman family in it. Gil Buckman is a 35 year-old father of three. He works as executive in sales while his wife; Karen stays at home and cares for their children. Their children names are: Kevin, JustinRead MoreInfluence of Nuclear Family to Development of Antisocial Behaviour795 Words   |  4 Pagesor distress to the people around the affected person. Parenting styles The family being the first source of education to children has a major part to play in the development of antisocial behavior. 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Upper Class1644 Words   |  7 Pagessocial class an individual falls into, the parenting style that they display or experience may vary. Are these differences in social classes affecting the way children in these households are brought up? If so, are these parenting styles reinforcing social class division? It is inevitable that the occupation, education, and income or wealth that an individual possesses will define their social class. This paper claims that children of different socioeconomic classes go through different socializationRead MoreCulture, Ethnicity And Socioeconomic Status970 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsibilities of each family member and describes how they function together as a whole to fulfill the primary objective universal to almost every family, to nurture one another. However, because parenting doesn t occur within a vacuum, many influences such as culture, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) can largely affect how a family structures itself. 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The SisterHood of the Traveling Pants Essay Example For Students

The SisterHood of the Traveling Pants Essay Autumn 1. SisterHood of the Traveling Pants Ann Brashares Delacorte press New York, NY Copyright 2001 2. Ann Brashares grew up in Chevy Chase, Maryland with her three brothers and attended a Quaker school in the DC area called Sidwell Friends. She studied Philosophy at Barnard College, part of Columbia University in New York City. Expecting to continue studying philosophy in graduate school, Ann took a year off after college to work as an editor, hoping to save money for school. Loving her job, she never went to graduate school, and instead, remained in New York City and worked as an editor for many years. Last year, Ann made the transition from editor to full-time writer and wrote her first novel, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. I think see was qualified to write this book because she was young once too, and probably went through some of the same things that these girls went through. We learn a lot form our friends. 3. It all started when a girl named Carmen picked up a pair of pants from the local thrift store. She didnt buy them to wear she bought them to show that she was not embarrassed to shop at a second hand store. When she got them home she invited over all of her friends. She wanted to get rid of the pants so she asked her friend Tibby if she wanted them. So she tried them on. They looked great on her. They fit every curve, but she wasnt sure of them so she got her other friend Lena to try them on. She tried them on, and they snuggled up against her right where they should be. It was weird though because Lena and Tibby had completely different body shapes. Lena slender and beautiful and Tibby short and average. Then they made Bridget try them on. They clung to her hips so perfect, and gracefully fell to the tops of her shoes. They began to think the pants were magic, but to make sure, they made Carmen try them on even though they were her pants. Carmen was short, and had a big butt. It was hard for her to find pants because she couldnt get them up. She slipped on the pants, and they made her look like a super star. There was no doubt from then on that the pants were magic. That night the girls made rules for the pants. The rules were; 1. You must never wash the pants. 2. You must never double cuff the pants. Its tacky. There will never be a time when this will not be tacky. 3. You must never say the word phat while wearing the pants. You must also never think I am fat while wearing the pants. 4. You must never let a boy take off the pants (Although you may take them off your self in his presence). 5. You must not pick your nose while wearing the pants. You may, however, scratch casually at your nostril while really kind of picking. 6. Upon our reunion, you must follow the proper procedures for documenting your time in the pants. 7. You must write to your sisters thorough out the summer, no matter how much fun youre having without them. 8. You must pass the pants along to you sister according to the specifications set done by the sisterhood. Failure to comply will result in a severe spanking upon our reunion. 9. You must not wear the pants with a tucked-in shirt and belt. See rule #2. 10. .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 , .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .postImageUrl , .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 , .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:hover , .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:visited , .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:active { border:0!important; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:active , .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5 .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4916f87af2cffa6a72be2a625c1645c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Analyisis Of JOAN OF ARC By Jules Bastien Lepage Essay Remember: pants=love. Love your pals. Love yourself. The girls were going to be separated for the summer, so they decided that Lena should get the pants first. She was off to Rome for the summer. When Lena got there her grandma threw a party for her and her little sister Effie. Lenas grandma wanted to hook Lena up with a guy named Kostos. He had looks to die for, but Lena blew him off. One day when Lena was out painting by the river, she got hot, and wanted to take a dip in the water. There was no one around .

Terms of Investment Agreements

Question: Concerned of any future policy reversal measure that may put at risk the terms of investment agreements, investors in the oil sector often seek guarantee, contractual or otherwise. The need to address such fears thus saw the proliferation of stabilisation clauses in oil and gas contracts. These clauses are believed to maintain the stability of the terms that were originally agreed upon. In particular, the fiscal regime aspect of the agreement is at the heart of such clauses. Answer: Introduction Whenever an organization plans to work on a long-term project, they have to be concerned about the security o the project. The project can be harmed by many things both internal and external. One of the issues that usually the organization or the investors of the project faces is a political risk. As a long term project, it can anytime be affected by any political changes. The only way to get rid of these kinds of issues is the stabilization clauses. Stabilization clause is nothing but a legal legislation or permits for the project lenders or the organization to secure the whole project from any political risks. Overview of stabilization clauses Stabilization clauses are something that can determine the future of any long term project as well the future of the organization, working on that particular project. There are many examples which show that lots of companies have faced severe downfall because of the lack of stabilization clause. Thus to run a long term project successfully it must for an organization to get the proper legal permits or the stabilization clauses. There are various kinds of clauses, each and every clause is equally important. They have their value to the business of the organization and mainly to the project. Types of stabilization clause There are many kinds of stabilization clauses. Every clause has its importance and value and serves to the security of the long-term project. The clauses which are mainly used by the investors of the project are freezing clauses, hybrid clauses, and economic equilibrium clauses. The freezing clauses freeze or fix the domestic regulation or legislation of the project. The economic stability clauses mainly help the project or the investor economically. The hybrid clause is a mixture of the freezing clause and the economic equilibrium clause. The motif of all of these clauses is the same, which is to secure the long-term project from any political risks as a whole. Aims of stabilization clause In the above passages the importance and the work of the stabilization, clauses are already briefly mentioned. Now it is time to analyze the goal of the stabilization clauses. The prime aim of the stabilization clause is to secure the organization or the long term project from any political risks. To be more prcised it can also be referred as one of the many integral parts or aspects of running a long term project successfully (Assaf Alfadly 2011). For example, these clauses are mainly used in various oil producing countries. Oil producing projects are obviously a long term project or assignment. If any organization or investor does not pay attention to the importance of the stabilization clause, they would surely have to suffer due to the political issues or risks in the future. Whenever a political change occurs, it also changes some other sects of society as well as business. Sometimes these changes can even cause harmful to the projects and the investors themselves. Oil producing projects are very expensive to handle. Thus the investors of the projects must be very careful towards the investments. Foreign investors invest lots of money for these kinds of projects. So if any political change or factor harms them, it would be a great loss. That means it is the responsibility of the stabilization clauses to secure their investments also. The investors can feel very safe with the help of these clauses, and they can be free to invest in long-term projects like these (Steingold 2004). There is another contribution of the stabilization clauses that should be mentioned. Because of the risk factors to be more prcised the political risk factors, many investors are backing out. They are refusing to invest in any long-term projects which are ultimately harming the world of business. Thus, in this case, the stabilization clauses are playing a very vital role. They are not only securing the projects or the investments of the foreign investors, similarly, but they are als o ensuring the whole world of business. The investors are feeling safer to invest in any long term projects. That is why more long term projects are taking place which is turning beneficial for the entire community or nation. Thus from the above passages, it is evident that the stabilization clauses are playing one of the most vital roles in the success of the long-term contracts(Millen and Pruitt 2011). Thus it main aims is to secure the project taking place, to ensure the investments of the foreign investors and last but not the least, to secure the economy of a community or nation. Without these clauses, no organization would be able to avoid the political risks and to run the project successfully. In one word it can also be stated that the stabilization clauses help to build a healthy and legal relationship between the host government and the foreign investors(Between Fair and Equitable Treatment and Stabilization Clause: 2011). Stabilization clauses in respect not only affect o nly an organization but a whole nation in the process of implementation of latest laws during the contract of the project. Functions of stabilization clause The primary purpose behind the behind the stabilization clauses is to render and preclude the agreements from the adverse action of the government. It may be legislative or administrative. In such a clause typical provisions preclude the application to the approval of any subsequent statutory or regulatory act which is issued by the government that may cause an impact on the contractual regime that is already entered into by different parties. During the duration of the project to tie hands of the state party under a natural source development and international energy contract is the primary purpose of the clause so that the state party is unable to interfere with the investor's interests. Behind the negotiation, there are some driving clauses included. That results in the growing and continuous fear of the host government. Behind the concernedness of the interest of the government, it also attracts much more and more investors who force them to submit to such prospective demands of the investors(Patnaik, Shah and Singh 2013). This type of clauses also assures the investors about all the future actions that may be taken by the government and also promises about any laws of the host government which can affect the contracting agreement's terms and conditions. Stabilization clause wants to protect the agreement from any action of the government in future which may be legislative or regulatory. It can be said more accurately that stabilization clause is an explicit commitment to the foreign country that by legislation or any other means the agreements must not be altered without the willingness or permission of the other contracting party(Conscience clause concern 2013). There are many categories of stabilization clauses. Such as Intangibility clause which says that the government cannot modify or change the contract in a single way. Another variety means that the governing law of the contract will be the part of the contracting state when the contract is executed . Thus it prevents the application of subsequent changes which is in the contracting state's law. The other variety says that the agreement should be performed by good faith that will preclude the single way of any modification or termination of the agreement. There is another type of clause which is known as the allocation of burden. These types of clauses try to allocate the related burdens and fiscal which are created by the unilateral change in the law. These types of clauses are common for the relative weight which is to be supported by the state or the National Oil Company. Another type of clauses like Balancing Clauses commonly dubs the economic stabilization clauses which provide for automatic negotiations or adjustments that help to restate the initial economic balance. Thus the limited scope of stabilization clauses to the developing countries is much more appealing as it does not limit the legislative powers. These are the prime and essential functions of the stabilizatio n clause. From the above-mentioned aspect, it can easily be understood that how much important and valuable the stabilization clauses are for the betterment as well as the security of any long-term projects, here the oil producing projects(FENTIMAN 2015). The way they seek to achieve the stability The various types of stabilization clauses are mentioned and discussed in the above passages and also their working process and objectivity is well explained. Now it is the time to see if they are meeting their objectivities. In other words, what the stabilization clauses are achieving and how they are achieving that. For that is needed to have a stronger and concrete knowledge about the practical outcomes of the stabilization clause. The oil contracts are usually long-term and very expensive. Thus they are always affected by various dynamic factors such as the current position of the market, the state of politics and the state of the economy of the nation. These social and political factors are complimentary to each other and directly related to the contracts along with the investors and the project lenders. So if any of these aspects change, the project as a whole will undoubtedly be affected. However, it is in a negative way as well as in a positive way. Mostly the change of these factors cause suffers and downfall to the organizations and the projects they are working. In these cases, the stabilization shows their capabilities to make the money of the investors and the allover project secure. Thus it is quite clear that the answer to the question if the stabilization clauses are reaching their objectives, is obviously yes. Since few decades the stabilization clauses have proved themselves to be one of the main and most important parts of the long-term contracts(KBR partners with Azerbaijan's national oil company 2015). Foreign investors are very much dependent on these clauses as the stabilization clause makes them feel safe with their investments in the project. Otherwise as mentioned earlier many investors were backing out due to these social and political risk factors. Nowadays many of the countries such as China, Algeria, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Ecuador are investing money and getting into long term oil contracts, and more foreign investors are coming f orward to invest in these projects. These show the value and the success of the stabilization clauses. The success of the long term oil contracts is the evidence of the stability of these clauses. Thus all that is happening all over the world related to the long-term projects and the investors along with the stabilization clauses are obviously beneficial for the economy of any particular nation or community. Conclusion To conclude the essay it must be admitted that the stabilization clauses have contributed a lot to the economy as well to the world of business. The stabilization clauses are the reason for which the investors nowadays feel much safer to invest their money in any long term project like oil producing. Without the help of these mentioned clauses investors and also the project, lenders would have never been able to do their job or project properly. Political risks are something that can cause much harm to any organization or the project. Thus these kinds of risks should be avoided by the group or the investors to run their project successfully. For that, they have to get some permit from the hosting government of that particular state or nation. Stabilization clause gives the organizations along with the foreign investors these kinds of facilities to get rid of any political change or political risks and allows the company to do their jobs with ease. In the oil producing countries stabi lization clauses can also be defined as an integral part of the oil producing projects. The above essay deals with the importance, aim and the working process of the stabilization clauses and also their value to the projects as well as to the whole organization. The mentioned aspects of the stabilization clauses are enough to understand what importance these stabilization clauses holds to run a long term project successfully. Finally to end the essay a strong statement should be made in the support of the stabilization clause itself and its huge contribution to the economy and business of many nations. References Assaf Alfadly, A. (2011). Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC) Marketing Strategy in Oil Sector.IJMS, 3(1). Between Fair and Equitable Treatment and Stabilization Clause:. (2011).The Journal of World Investment Trade, 12(6), p.vii-806. Conscience clause concern. (2013).The Pharmaceutical Journal. FENTIMAN, R. (2015).International commercial litigation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. KBR partners with Azerbaijan's national oil company. (2015).Pump Industry Analyst, 2015(3), p.4. Millen, R. and Pruitt, C. (2011).The government assistance center. Carlisle, PA: Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute, U.S. Army War College. Patnaik, I., Shah, A. and Singh, N. (2013). Foreign Investors under Stress: Evidence From India.International Finance, 16(2), pp.213-244. Steingold, F. (2004).Legal forms for starting running a small business. Berkeley, CA: Nolo.

A Wise Decision Essays - Crime, Penology, Illinois, Brian Dugan

A Wise Decision Essays - Crime, Penology, Illinois, Brian Dugan A Wise Decision A Wise Delay Governor Ryans decision to suspend the death penalty is already starting to have a valuable impact on the rest of nation. Other states are starting to aid in Governor Ryans quest to improve death penalty systems. Last week, a representative from the state of Wisconsin, requested that President Clinton put a hold on executions until the federal death penalty system can be reviewed. Clinton is an avid supporter of the death penalty and only promised to consider it. Since 1973, eighty-five people have been released from death row in the federal system because of mis-verdicts. Twenty-one federal inmates still remain on death row. Juan Raoul Garza is one of these death row inmates. Despite the governments past mistakes, he is scheduled to be executed this year. President Clinton should think long and hard before reopening the federal death chamber. Because the federal justice system dose not do its job correctly, many innocent people may have or will die on death row. According to the article, A Federal Execution Moratorium-misconduct, unbelievably erroneous evidence and false testimony by jailhouse informants can and has lead to mistaken verdicts. Rolando Cruz is an excellent example of a terrible mistake made by the federal government. He was convicted of the 1983 rape and murder of ten-year-old Jeanine Nicarico, and put on death row. His freedom was suspended to him even after Brian Dugan came forth to admit his sole involvment in the murder. Cruz remained on death row while prosecutors try to prove Dugan was lying! DNA testing proved that Cruz was not the source of semen samples taken from Nicarico's body; however, Dugan was a perfect match. Cruz remained on death row. November 4, 1995, 12 years after his original arrest, Cruz was released. Not only did Cruz loose twelve prime years of his life; He almost lost his whole life. Judge Ronald Mehling said he released Cruz because the initial murder investigation was sloppy, very sloppy, and the government's case against Cruz was riddled with lies and mistakes. It is suggested in the article that a wise approach to this problem would be to appoint a commission to study the federal death penalty system. I am in agreement that Clinton must suspend the death penalty until the bugs in this system are totally irradiated. More states need to come forth to force Clinton to see that he needs to do more than think about suspending the death penalty. Taking innocent lives is wrong. no matter who or how powerful you are!

The Basics of Conducting Interviews for News Stories

The Basics of Conducting Interviews for News Stories Conducting interviews for news stories is an important skill for any journalist. A â€Å"source† - anyone a journalist interviews - can provide elements that are vital to any news story: Basic factual informationPerspective and context on the topic being discussedDirect quotesIdeas on how to approach the storyNames of other people to interview Things You’ll Need A thin reporter’s spiral notebook (can be purchased at most office supply stores)Several pens and a pencil if it’s winter (pens freeze in cold weather)A tape recorder or digital voice recorder (optional)A video camera for interviews you plan to webcast Preparing for the Interview Research: Do as much research as possible. If you’re going to interview, say, a cardiologist about heart attacks, read up and make sure you understand terms such as â€Å"cardiac arrest.† A well-prepared reporter inspires confidence in the source.Developing Questions: Once you’ve thoroughly researched your topic, prepare a list of questions to ask. That will help you remember all the points you want to cover. Keys to a Successful Interview Establish a Rapport: When starting out, don’t abruptly launch into your questions. Chitchat a little first. Compliment your source on her office, or comment on the weather. This puts your source at ease.Keep It Natural: An interview can be uncomfortable, so keep things natural. Instead of mechanically reading out your list of questions, weave your queries naturally into the flow of the conversation. Also, maintain eye contact as much as possible. Nothing is more unnerving to a source than a reporter who never looks up from his notebook.Be Open: Don’t be so focused on getting through your list of questions that you miss something interesting. For instance, if you’re interviewing the cardiologist and she mentions a new heart-health study that’s coming out, ask about it. This may take your interview in an unexpected - but newsworthy - direction.Maintain Control: Be open, but don’t waste your time. If your source starts to ramble on about things that a re of no use to you, politely - but firmly - steer the conversation back to the topic at hand. Wrapping Up: At the end of the interview, ask your source if there’s anything important that you hadn’t asked about. Double-check the meanings of any terms they used that you’re unsure about. And always ask if there are other people they recommend that you speak with. Notes About Note-Taking Beginning reporters often freak out when they realize they can’t possibly write down everything the source is saying, word-for-word. Don’t sweat it. Experienced reporters learn to take down just the stuff they know they’ll use, and ignore the rest. This takes practice, but the more interviews you do, the easier it gets. Recording an interview is fine in certain circumstances, but always get permission from your source to do so. The rules regarding taping a source can be tricky. According to Poynter.org, recording phone conversations is legal in all 50 states. Federal law allows you to record a phone conversation with the consent of only one person involved in the conversation - meaning that only the reporter is required to know that the conversation is being taped. However, at least 12 states require varying degrees of consent from those being recorded in phone interviews, so its best to check the laws in your own state. Also, your newspaper or website may have its own rules about taping.   Transcribing interviews involves listening to the taped interview and typing out virtually everything thats said. This is fine if youre doing an article with an extended deadline, such as a feature story. But its too time-consuming for breaking news. So if you’re on a tight deadline, stick to note-taking. Always take written notes, even if you’re using a recorder. Every reporter has a story about the time they thought they were recording an interview, only to get back to the newsroom to discover that the machine’s batteries were dead.

Strategic Choice and Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Choice and Evaluation - Research Paper Example According to the paper  the senior management of Merifashion must pay close attention not only to its strategic factors such as ‘where’, ‘how’, and ‘when’ but also to the role played by organizational factors that are responsible for transforming a strategy into reality. For instance, once they embark on promotional campaigns for its fashionable products, they should start this by setting up a strategic plan. Lack of these factors can dampen its growth plans, organizational structures and processes as well as be able to tackle the day-to-day challenges and problems it faces today. In addition, key personnel may lack the necessary skills and attributes for them to cope up with the complexities brought about by growth. There are certain strategies, which are recommended in this paper that could help Merifashion to deal with such stalemates.This essay discusses that  one major strategy than Merifashion could follow to ensure continued success i n the business of fashionable products is the engagement of all staff irrespective of their level throughout the organization. Strategic planning is not an event but a process. It has to take certain steps so as to ensure continued success and prosperity in the organization. Engagement of staff generates added input into the organization that helps t build and grow commitment among the staff members.  It is of very high importance for Merifashion to involve employees in the strategy planning.

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility Essay - 3

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility - Essay Example It works on the determining the basis of theoretical theories, measurement of transactions (e.g. historical value) and their reporting lines to their end users (SA, 2011). Historical View in Conceptual Framework: The sophistication and excessive increase in businesses and accounting disclosures gave birth to the rules and regulations in accounting standards. A generalised approach was established to process the consistency, standardisation and accuracy of accounts based on reporting framework (Archer, 1993). The establishment of accounting framework board was to standardise the accounting practices and provide theoretical basis for measuring the financial reports. It was the earliest basis for establishment of conceptual framework by FASB for accounting concepts, reporting standards and objectives of business operations. The rise of financial scandals such as WorldCom (UK) and BBCI (UK) resulted in establishment of IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee) in 1989, which is responsible for presenting a framework for demonstration and preparation of financial records. It was later succeeded by IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) that is based on the conceptual framework by FASB since 2001. ... IASB can redefine the existing standards, converge, complete the implementations of standards through conceptual framework, and act as a development tool for the new accounting standards (Solomon and Solomon, 2005). A principle-based approach is a significant factor in implying the standards. It should not be just a mere collection of theoretical conventions but a consistent applicable principle that is comprehensive to be applied globally. The existing problem in converging the FASB and IASB is the conflict between revised and converged framework and reporting standards. The reporting standards have hierarchal priority over the framework, as they cannot be easily reflected in preparation of financial statements due to conflicts in concept and mere framework (FRC, 2011). The main debate for enforcement of conceptual framework is due to the consistency of accounting principles, which facilitates effective communication of assumptions, measurements, and reporting frame. It also reduces the impact of implied misrepresentations and excessive assumptions in the standards (Zeff, 1999, pp. 89-131). The converged standards need to be developed effectively to harmonise the accounting practises and procedures. The framework can increase or decrease the potential accounting treatments for a more diversified application globally. Lastly, the published accounting standards should be consistent with the theoretical concepts of accounting practices worldwide (Solomon and Solomon, 2005). Shaping Accounting Theory Theoretical formation is based on concept, hypothesis, and systematic structure of accounting principles and objectives. It can either be formulated by deductive or inductive theoretical approach. The deductive approach generalise the rules formation and procedures of

Incident at Morales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incident at Morales - Essay Example In addition, Chuck the vice leader of the engineering at the Phaust persuades Martinez to decrease the cost of building in order to save funds for built-up of their products. However, the engineer identifies environmental and technical challenges that could result to health problems to the members of the staff, and to the society around. In this regard, Martinez has no option but to abandon the challenges in order to regulate the construction cost to be able to leave behind funds for the manufacture of paint remover. For instance, Martinez deviated from the engineering principles which demand engineer’s to report to their superiors whenever they identify a hazard. In this regard, Chuck the vice president advised Martinez to reduce the construction cost as much as possible in order for the company to have manufacturing funds (Applegarth). As a result, the engineer ignored many ethical stuffs associating to protection, wellbeing, and the atmosphere. On the other hand, Martinez did not inform his fellow colleagues when the ethical decision was to be made, procedure for the project was not presented in an honest channel, and employee’s contributions were not considered. In this regard, the engineer neglected the environmental issues when acquiring different ingredients for the plant. For instance, he purchased less expensive pipes and connector for construction in order to be able to save money and ignored the repercussion it would cause (Applegarth). By doing this, Martinez failed to apply the engineer’s principles, which require engineers to consider the well-being of the individuals operating in the premise. In this regard, he purchased materials that could not hold out far above the ground hotness, and stress for a long period. In addition, Martinez failed to purchase the best quality sensors from Lutz and Lutz. The sensors failed to

Effects of, and Uses for Paracetamol

Effects of, and Uses for Paracetamol Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used medicinal drug available over the counter The chemical name for Paracetamol is N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. Over-the-counter (OTC) Analgesic and antipyretic action with weak anti-inflammatory action Synergic effect with other analgesics, especially codeine and NSAIDs, resulting in better overall pain control Major ingredient in cold flu remedies Used in combination with opioid analgesics Oral Paracetamol has an oral bioavilabity of 63-89%. A drug given orally goes through first pass metabolism. Intravenous Intravenous administration of paracetamol has a bioavilabity of 100% Rectal Paracetamol has a rectal bioavilabity of 24-98%. Bioavailability is the amount of dose absorbed from the site of administration Oral administration has a little first pass metabolism in the liver and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract First pass metabolism involves the drug being absorbed into the portal vein system via the intestine wall after which it is carried to the liver. Before the drug reaches its target site it may therefore to some extent be metabolised in the liver. A plasma concentration of 10-20mcg.ml-1 for paracetamol results in an antipyretic effect however the concentration needed to lead to an analgesia effect is not properly known. All three routes of administration have a significant difference in the time needed to reach peak plasma concentrations. Of all three routes intravenous administration reaches peak plasma concentration in the shortest amount of time and suppository takes the longest, Oral : For adults 325-650mg tablets can be taken every 4 to 6 hours 1 gram can be taken every 4 hours with a maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours. Rectal: suppositories are available in 250 and 500mg. Two 500mg suppositories can be taken by adults and children over 12 IV: The maximum dose that can be given is 3g in 24 hours For children there new dosage guidelines that put children into 7 precise age groups Since IV administration has 100% bioavilabity there is a high chance of toxicity in patients that have renal and/or hepatic problems Absorbed through the wall of the intestine and into the blood. Speed and efficiency of the absorption is determined by several factors which include the pKa, log P and molecular mass of the drug Low molecular mass and is almost completely unionised in the small intestine which allows it to be absorbed more easily Oral Bioavailability – 70%-90% Rectal Bioavailability – 30%-70% Distributed throughout the body fluids in a homogeneous way Analgesic activity is attributable to the small fraction that penetrates into the brain Binds to plasma proteins at less than 20% A high degree of protein binding makes the drug long acting The glucuronidation and sulfation pathway for paracetamol metabolism lead to the production of unharmful and on toxic products. The middle N-Hydroxylation and rearrangement pathway mediated by the isoenzyme of cytochrome p450 (CYP2E1 and CYP3A4) pathway leads to the production of toxic metabolite NAPQ1 which covalently binds to cell macromolecules in overdose. In normal cases NAPQ1 binds with glutathione resulting in an unrhamful and nontoxic product. Part A of the figure shows the metabolism of paracetamol in a healthy individual. Around 95% of the drug is conjugated with glucuronide and excreted in the urine. The leftover is conjugated with glutathione Part B shows the metabolism of paracetamol in an individual that is starved. The conjugation of glutathione does not take place adequately and its depletion results in the build of hepatotoxic NAPQ1 Excreted in urine Predominantly in the form of inactive glucuronide and sulphate conjugates A small amount of the drug is converted to a very reactive alkylating metabolite that is inactivated with reduced glutathione and is excreted in the urine as cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates Paracetamol is absorbed from the GI tract and a peak plasma concentration occurs within 10-60 minutes after being taken orally. It has a half-life of approximately 2 hours It is distributed into the majority of body tissues Has an elimination half life ranging from 1-3 hours The volume of distribution for paracetamol is around 1L/Kg of body weight with an insignificant amount of the drug binding to plasma protein. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) – specifically COX-2 Reduces the oxidised form of the COX enzyme, preventing it from forming pro-inflammatory chemicals Peripheral anti-inflammatory activity is usually limited by high level of peroxides present in inflammatory lesions (including several other factors) Metabolites of paracetamol act upon the spinal cord via TRPA1-receptors modulates the endogenous cannabinoid system Paracetamol works inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins Because of its selectivity for COX-2 it does not significantly inhibit the production of the pro-clotting thromboxanes. Metabolies: suppressing the signal transduction from the superficial layers of the dorsal horn to alleviate pain. The nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) can be activated by paracetamol. This induces the expression of three cytochrome P450 enzymes that lead to the transformation of paracetamol into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) is a reactive and toxic metabolite. It can be detoxified by conjugation with glutathione Paracetamol is a safe drug and doesn’t cause toxicity unless taken in the wrong dosage or in extreme circumstances such as starvation. Also when taken with alcol for long periods of times it enhances toxicity as the coentration of toxic metabolites such as NAPQ1 increases. NAPQ1 firstly goes through detoxification in the liver via glutathione conjugation catalysed by the enzyme GST and then goes through acetylation in the kidneys. This step is catalysed b M-acetyl transferase. It then gets excreted in the urine. The cytochrome p450 enzyme (isoenzyme CYP2E1) procures hepatoxic metabolites in small quantities. The phase 1 metabolism of paracetamol mediated by p450 gives rise to NAPQ1, that is detoxified by phase 2 conjugation with glutathione. During overdose depletion of glutathione occurs and NAPQ1 accumulates Phase 1 metabolism is where the drug molecule foes though basic structural alteration through reduction, hydrolysis, or oxidation (which is catalysed cytochrome p450 enzymes) Phase 2 metabolism involves conjugation (an ionised group attaches to the drug) making it metabolite water soluble. In the case of paracetamol overdose NAPQ1 can accumulate and can possibly lead to liver damage if left untreated It can also damage other organs that contains P450 enzymes such as the kidneys where the toxicity could result in renal dysfunction and pancreas. Liver toxicity can be prevented by blocking the activation of CAR with an antagonist or Paracetamol overdose occurs at around 7-8 g  in an adult and more than 150 mg/kg in children. Liver damage : The centrilobular zone is the first zone in the liver that gets affected by the toxicity. In extreme cases zones 1 and 2 present in the parenchyma get damaged. Kidney damage: renal dysfunction leads to the need of dialysis as a tubular necrosis table place because of the localised formation of NAPQ1.

Necessities in Tim OBriens Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

Necessities in The Things They Carried      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Things They Carried , the characters themselves probably could not tell you why they carried many of the things they did.   The things they carried can be divided into three basic groups, the things that everyone had to carry in order to survive, the things that individuals chose to carry, and the mental burdens that many carried without choice.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The necessities that the men were forced to carry were, for example, P- 38 can openers, pocket knives, matches, C-rations, water, a nylon covered flak jacket, an M-16 assault rifle, and for Henry Dobbins, an M-60, which weighed 33- 38 pounds including ammunition.   All of these items were carried for two simple reasons, to survive, and to kill which was of course their job.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Next, the things that each individual chose to carry, for many of the men , these items were things that they personally believed that they could not live without, but to others would be unnecessary for survival.   For First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross it was pictures of Martha, and also letters from her whom he loved unrequitedly.   Another example and proof of irrelevance to survival was Ted Lavenders six or seven ounces of dope and nine extra M-79 Grenades which he was carrying when he was shot in the head.   Extras such as these really did nothing more than give the men a false sense of security, which was probably necessary to cope with their surroundings.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but certainly not least they carried with them love, guilt, memories, and fear of death.   Lieutenant cross, for example carried love, guilt, and even though he tried never to show it, fear.   Tim O'Brien shows us this in the passage shortly after the death of Ted Lavender, "He pictured Martha's

Aiu Huma215 Unit Assignments

A person can never really tell when the exact time and date a person lived when there are no written records. Scholars can still determine estimates of times by studying fossils/bones found in the earth by analyzing the natural forces like gravity and magnetism and the rocks surrounding the bones. According to this article I found on the web a man’s origin can be determined by imagining the rocks came alive and evolutionist/scholars must believe in the natural origin of life (Russell T. Arndts).To try to find out when the people of prehistoric time are from scholars must study the natural world for their prehistory so they would use their imperfections of modern plants and animals and geographical living organisms to discover evidence. The Amazon prehistoric culture were once thought to be different and changed. They were not acknowledge by the European conquerors and the prosperity of the cultures where not matched up to their own. The European domination in the new world was the expansion of nations.The European gained control of most of Asia, Africa and America therefore they dominated and sent their people to armies to conquer merchant trades. Technology advancement was also an advantage for the European dominance. An entire prehistoric group of people can disappear due to numerous reasons, it can be due to natural disasters, climate change, decrease in water and food, war, and diseases in which that time there were many people with immune systems that couldn’t handle the sickness.One small kind of factious disease can wipe out an entire population I not treated or have the right kind of medications and treatments. For example the black plague wiped out one-third of Europe’s people in the 14th century. References: Kishlansky, Gear O'Brien, Civilization in the West, (2012), Pearson Education, Sixth Edition. retrieved from http://wps. ablongman. com/long_kishlansky_cw_6/35/9175/2349030. cw/index. html Sayre, H. M. (2012). Discovering The Humanities (2nd ed. ). Retrieved from AIU eBook Collection. August 25, 2012

Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzanian Leader

Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzanian Leader Julius Kambarage Nyerere  (March 1922 - October 14, 1999) was one of Africas leading independence heroes and leading light behind the creation of the Organization of African Unity. He was the architect of ujamaa,  an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzanias agricultural system. He was the prime minister of an independent Tanganyika and the first president of Tanzania. Fast Facts: Julius Kambarage Nyerere Known For: First president of Tanzania, architect of  ujamaa,  an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzanias agricultural system and one of the leaders of the Organization of African UnityBorn: March 1922, Butiama, TanganyikaDied: October 14, 1999, London, UKSpouse: Maria Gabriel Majige (m. 1953-1999)Children: Andrew Burito, Anna Watiku, Anselm Magige, John Guido, Charles Makongoro, Godfrey Madaraka, Rosemary Huria, Pauleta NyabananeNotable Quote: If a door is shut, attempts should be made to open it; if it is ajar, it should be pushed until it is wide open. In neither case should the door be blown up at the expense of those inside. Early Life Kambarage (the spirit which gives rain) Nyerere was born to Chief Burito Nyerere of the Zanaki (a small ethnic group in northern Tanganyika) and his fifth (out of 22) wife Mgaya Wanyangombe. Nyerere attended a local primary mission school, transferring in 1937 to Tabora Secondary School, a Roman Catholic mission and one of the few secondary schools open to Africans at that time. He was baptized a Catholic on December 23, 1943, and took the baptismal name Julius. Nationalistic Awareness Between 1943 and 1945 Nyerere attended Makerere University, in Ugandas capital Kampala, obtaining a teaching certificate. It was around this time that he took his first steps towards a political career. In 1945 he formed Tanganyikas first student group, an offshoot of the African Association, AA, (a pan-African group first formed by Tanganyikas educated elite in Dar es Salaam, in 1929). Nyerere and his colleagues began the process of converting the AA towards a nationalistic political group. Once he had gained his teaching certificate, Nyerere returned to Tanganyika to take up a teaching post at Saint Marys, a Catholic mission school in Tabora. He opened a local branch of the AA and was instrumental in converting the AA from its pan-African idealism to the pursuit of Tanganyikan independence. To this end, the AA restyled itself in 1948 as the Tanganyika African Association, TAA. Gaining a Wider Perspective In 1949 Nyerere left Tanganyika to study for an MA in economics and history at the University of Edinburgh. He was the first African from Tanganyika to study at a British university and, in 1952, was the first Tanganyikan to gain a degree. At Edinburgh, Nyerere became involved with the Fabian Colonial Bureau (a non-Marxist, anti-colonial socialist movement based in London). He watched intently Ghanas path to self-government  and was aware of the debates in Britain on the development of a Central African Federation (to be formed from a union of North and South Rhodesia and Nyasaland). Three years of study in the UK gave Nyerere an opportunity to vastly widen his perspective of pan-African issues. Graduating in 1952, he returned to teach at a Catholic school near Dar es Salaam. On January 24, 1953, he married primary school teacher Maria Gabriel Majige. Developing the Independence Struggle in Tanganyika This was a period of upheaval in west and south Africa. In neighboring Kenya the Mau Mau uprising was fighting against white settler rule, and a  nationalistic reaction was rising against the creation of the Central African Federation. But political awareness in Tanganyika was nowhere near as advanced as with its neighbors. Nyerere, who had become president of the TAA in April 1953, realized that a focus for African nationalism amongst the population was needed. To that end, in July 1954, Nyerere converted the TAA into Tanganyikas first political party, the Tanganyikan African National Union, or TANU. Nyerere was careful to promote nationalistic ideals without encouraging the kind of violence that was erupting in Kenya under the Mau Mau uprising. TANU manifesto was for independence on the basis of non-violent, multi-ethnic politics, and the promotion of social and political harmony. Nyerere was appointed to Tanganyikas Legislative Council (the Legco) in 1954. He gave up teaching the following year to pursue his career in politics. International Statesman Nyerere testified on behalf of TANU to the UN Trusteeship Council (committee on trusts and non-self-governing territories), in both 1955 and 1956. He presented the case for setting a timetable for Tanganyikan independence (this being one of the specified aims set down for a UN trust territory). The publicity he gained back in Tanganyika established him as the countrys leading nationalist. In 1957 he resigned from the Tanganyikan Legislative Council in protest over the slow progress independence. TANU contested the 1958 elections, winning 28 of 30 elected positions in the Legco. This was countered, however, by 34 posts which were appointed by the British authorities - there was no way for TANU to gain a majority. But TANU was making headway, and Nyerere told his people that Independence will follow as surely as the tickbirds follow the rhino. Finally with the election in August 1960, after changes to the Legislative Assembly were passed, TANU gained the majority it sought, 70 out of 71 seats. Nyerere became chief minister on September 2, 1960, and Tanganyika gained limited self-government. Independence In May 1961 Nyerere became prime minister, and on December 9, Tanganyika gained its independence. On January 22, 1962, Nyerere resigned from the premiership to concentrate on drawing up a republican constitution and to prepare TANU for government rather than liberation. On December 9, 1962, Nyerere was elected president of the new Republic of Tanganyika. Nyereres Approach to Government #1 Nyerere approached his presidency with a particularly African stance. First, he attempted to integrate into African politics the traditional style of African decision making (what is known as indaba in Southern Africa). A consensus is gained through a series of meetings in which everyone has an opportunity to say their piece. To help build national unity he adopted Kiswahili as the national language, making it the only medium of instruction and education. Tanganyika became one of the few African countries with an indigenous official national language. Nyerere also expressed a fear that multiple parties, as seen in Europe and the US, would lead to ethnic conflict in Tanganyika. Political Tensions In 1963 tensions on the neighboring island of Zanzibar started to impact on Tanganyika. Zanzibar had been a British protectorate, but on 10 December 1963, independence was gained as a Sultanate  (under Jamshid ibn Abd Allah) within the Commonwealth of Nations. A  coup on  January 12, 1964, overthrew the sultanate and established a new republic. Africans and Arabs were in conflict, and the aggression spread to the mainland - the Tanganyikan army mutinied. Nyerere went into hiding and was forced to ask Britain for military assistance. He set about strengthening his political control of both TANU and the country. In 1963 he established a  one-party state  which lasted until July 1, 1992, outlawed strikes, and created a centralized administration. A one-party state would allow collaboration and unity without any suppression of opposing views he stated. TANU was now the only legal political party in Tanganyika. Once order was restored Nyerere announced the merger of Zanzibar with Tanganyika as a new nation; the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar came into being on April 26, 1964, with Nyerere as president. The country was renamed the Republic of Tanzania on October 29, 1964. Nyereres Approach to Government #2 Nyerere was reelected president of Tanzania in 1965 (and would be returned for another three successive  five-year  terms before resigning as president in 1985. His next step was to promote his system of African socialism, and on February 5, 1967, he presented the Arusha Declaration which set out his political and economic agenda. The Arusha Declaration was incorporated  into  TANUs constitution later that year. The central core of the Arusha Declaration was  ujamma, Nyereres take on an egalitarian socialist society based on cooperative agriculture. The policy was influential throughout the continent, but it ultimately proved to be flawed.  Ujamaa  is a Swahili word which means community or  family-hood. Nyereres  ujamaa  was a program of independent self-help which supposedly would keep Tanzania from becoming  dependant  on foreign aid. It emphasized economic cooperation, racial/tribal, and moralistic self-sacrifice. By the early  1970s, a program of villagization was slowly organizing rural life into village collectives. Initially voluntary, the process met with increasing resistance, and in 1975 Nyerere introduced forced villagization. Almost 80 percent of the population ended up organized into 7,700 villages. Ujamaa  emphasized the countrys need to be self-sufficient economically rather than being dependent on  foreign aid  and  foreign investment. Nyerere also set up mass literacy  campaigns  and provided free and universal education. In 1971, he introduced state ownership for banks, nationalized plantations and property. In January 1977 he merged TANU and Zanzibars Afro-Shirazi Party into a new national party - the  Chama Cha Mapinduzi  (CCM, Revolutionary State Party). Despite a great deal of planning and organization, agricultural production declined over the 70s, and by the 1980s, with falling world commodity prices (especially for coffee and sisal), its meager export base disappeared and Tanzania became the largest per-capita recipient of foreign aid in Africa. Nyerere on the International Stage Nyerere was a leading force behind the modern Pan-African movement, a leading figure in African politics in the 1970s, and was one of the founders of the Organization of African Unity, OAU, (now the  African Union). He was committed to supporting liberation movements in Southern Africa and was a forceful critic of the apartheid regime of South Africa, chairing a group of five frontline presidents who advocated the overthrow of white supremacists in South Africa, South-West Africa, and Zimbabwe. Tanzania became a favored venue for liberation army training camps and political offices. Sanctuary was given to members of South Africas  African National Congress, as well as similar groups from Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, and Uganda. As a strong supporter of the  Commonwealth of Nations, Nyerere helped engineer South Africas exclusion on the basis of its  apartheid  policies. When President  Idi Amin  of Uganda announced the deportation of all Asians, Nyerere denounced his administration. When Ugandan troops occupied a small border area of Tanzania in 1978 Nyerere pledged to bring the downfall of Amin. In 1979 20,000 troops from the Tanzanian army invaded Uganda to aid Ugandan rebels under the leadership of Yoweri Museveni. Amin fled into exile, and Milton Obote, a good friend of Nyerere, and the president Idi Amin had deposed back in 1971, was placed back in power. The economic cost to Tanzania of the incursion into Uganda was devastating, and Tanzania was unable to recover. Death Julius Kambarage Nyerere died on October 14, 1999, in London, UK, of  leukemia. Despite his failed policies, Nyerere remains a  deeply  respected figure both in Tanzania and Africa as a whole. He is referred to by his honorific title  mwalimu  (a Swahili word meaning teacher). Legacy and End of an Influential Presidency In 1985 Nyerere stepped down from the presidency in favor of Ali Hassan Mwinyi. But he refused to give up power completely, remaining leader of the CCM. When Mwinyi started to dismantle  ujamaa  and to privatize the economy, Nyerere ran interference. He spoke out against what he saw as too much reliance on international trade and the use of  gross  domestic product as the main measure of Tanzanias success. At the time of his departure, Tanzania was one of the worlds poorest countries. Agriculture has reduced to subsistence levels, transportation networks were fractured, and industry was crippled. At least  one-third  of the national budget was provided by foreign aid. On the positive side, Tanzania had Africas highest literacy rate (90 percent), had halved infant mortality, and was politically stable. In 1990 Nyerere gave up leadership of the CCM, finally admitting that some of his policies hadnt been successful. Tanzania held multiparty elections for the first time in 1995.

Programming and Developer Certifications

Programming and Developer Certifications As a professional programmer or developer, you can advance your career by earning professional certifications in your field. A certification from one of the big names in the business verifies your skills to current and future employers, so check out some of the many certifications available. Brainbench Certified Internet Professional (BCPIP) Brainbench offers certifications in three areas: Web Developer. Requires instruction and tests on HTML, Programming Concepts, RDBMS Concepts and Web Development Concepts plus four electives are chosen from more than 70 areas of specialization.  Web Administrator. Requires instruction and tests on Internet Security, Network Monitoring, Networking Concepts and Web Server Administration plus two electives chosen from 25 areas of specialization.Web Designer. Requires instruction and tests on HTML 4 and HTML 5, Web Design Concepts and Web Design for Accessibility plus two electives chosen from more than 35 areas of specialization. The certifications are structured to allow participants to choose a certification program based on their job requirements and skill sets. The program is offered online. CIW Certified Internet Webmaster Certifications The CIW Web Development Professional Certification includes front-end scripting language, back-end programming language, and database skills. CIW Web Foundations Associate Certification fosters an understanding of internet business, website design, and data networking.   Microsoft Certifications Microsoft revamped its popular Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer certification in early 2017. At that time, its five credentials- Web Applications, SharePoint Applications, Azure Solutions Architect, Application Lifecycle Management and Universal Windows Platform- were condensed to two new certifications: MCSE: Cloud and Platform Infrastructure. This certification  verifies that the recipient has the skills to run an efficient and modern data center. The training includes cloud technologies, identity management, systems management, virtualization, storage, and networking. Prerequisite: MCSA certification in Windows Server 2016, Cloud Platform, Linux on Azure or Windows Server 2012.MCSD: App Builder. This certification verifies the recipient has the skills needed to build mobile and web applications and services. Prerequisite: MCSA certification in Universal Windows Platform or Web Application. In addition to these certifications, Microsoft offers many other certifications in the fields of mobility, productivity, data, business, and databases.   Learning Tree International  Certifications Learning Tree International offers Specialist and Expert Certifications- each of which requires completion of several courses- in areas that include: Cloud ComputingCyber SecurityJava ProgrammingPython ProgrammingMobile App Development.NET/Visual Studio DevelopmentNetworking and VirtualizationSQL ServerWeb Development Each class lasts four or more days. Participants can attend the live, instructor-led course online. Each topic  has its own specific requirements, which are viewable online at the companys website. Oracle Certifications The list of Oracle certifications is immense and broken into categories of  Applications, Database, Expertise Management, Foundation, Industries, Java and Middleware, Operating Systems, Oracle Cloud, Systems, and Virtualization. Each of the many options has its own set of prerequisites, which is viewable on the Oracle website.   IBM Certifications The IBM list of certifications is lengthy. Among the certifications of interest to developers are: IBM Certified Developer - Apache Spark 1.6IBM Certified Developer - Cognos Real-Time MonitoringIBM Certified Developer - InfoSphere MDM Server v9.0 SAS Certifications Most of the SAS certification tests are earned online. Each one has specific requirements that can be viewed at the training website. Among the many certifications offered by SAS are: SAS Certified Base Programmer for SAS 9SAS Certified Advanced Programmer for SAS 9SAS Certified Data Integration Developer for SAS 9SAS Certified Big Data Professional Using SAS 9

Significant Others and Art Partnerships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Significant Others and Art Partnerships - Essay Example Apart from this shallow painting he received from his father, Ernest did not get any formal education in painting and instead forged his own methods of statistics painting in a self-taught way. Max Ernst met his wife in the year 1942 and introduced her to the Surrealists who were living in New York City by then (Klingsöhr-Lero & Grosenick, 2006). They got married in 1946 and shifted to Sedona, Arizona, and later moved to France. The partners are said to have strong and well established relationship due to the facts that Tanning introduced Max to her favorites and Tanner accepted, such as the Surrealism (Klingsöhr-Lero & Grosenick, 2006). It was a serious equal relationship since these partners supported each other in their painting works. The legacy of this relationship was when the two married each other and stayed happily (Tanning & Morgan, 1995). My favorite social site is Facebook. Facebook has currently been voted as the world’s leading social site. This site is significant in my life since it helps me to interact with my friends all over the world. It is also easier meeting and socializing with new people from all kinds of cultural backgrounds across this site. Through Facebook, it is also easier to catch up with the trending news and even shop online through the advertisements that are posted on the site. The most significant person in my family is my mother. She is currently forty-five years old and have an average body size. What I admire in her is how she cares about her family. She does everything possible to ensure that her family accesses all the basic needs like clothing, food and water. She has also ensured that we have accessed the best educational facilities, in our country. THE Oregon Cultural trust is a cultural organization, in my study, which is a global funding agency, supported by donations from individual donors, who receive

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 124

Discussion - Essay Example The website explains how an entrepreneur can maximize the profitability of his or her business. According to the site, cost control is very essential if an entrepreneur needs to maximize profits. The site also analyzes a number of benefits for the business such as ways of improving productivity and growing with confidence as retrieved from http://www.accpac.com. This information is very substantial to all entrepreneurs since it is highlighting some paramount aspects in the business world (ACCPAC, 2015). Choose to save is another website that I reviewed. The site analyzes an efficient way to save as indicated in http://www.choosetosave.org/asec/. This is very essential information to every person who is cautious about the future hence an important site for knowledge purposes (ASEC, 2014). The Ex-Im Bank of USA is another website that was put into consideration. It is not only educative but also interesting after analyzing how it operates. After going through it, as an American entrepreneur one can get essential information that will help him or her to understand how he can obtain assistance from the Ex-Im bank which will in turn improve his or her business as retrieved from http://www.exim.gov/index.cfm. The discussion, therefore, shows how these sites possess essential information. The sites are also dated 2015, showing that they have been recently updated thus the information is up to

Materials & Manufacturing Process Selection Coursework - 1

Materials & Manufacturing Process Selection - Coursework Example Now, Aston Martin is a British luxury car makers and being a sports car Aston Martin lays much importance on its brake discs. According to Nice(2014) â€Å"Most modern cars have disc brakes on the front wheels, and some have disc brakes on all four wheels. This is the part of the brake system that does the actual work of stopping the car†. The brake disc controls the car in a unique way as it is directly related to the performance of the car. As we know, the brake disc are used for vehicle braking and is usually made of cast iron. In a sports car like Aston Martin, the break disc is controlled by the amount of pressure placed by the sports driver on the breaking pads. The brake disc is connected with other assembly parts of car like the piston, brake hose, wheel stud, caliper and break hose. The brake disc is exposed to many situation while it is operating and one of them is the stresses. One of the stress is the thermal stress because the car is fast paced and any kind of heat exposure can have credible effect on the brake disc. In this case study, the brake disc is designed for the Aston Martin and being a luxury sports car, it demands brake disc which can resist much temperature hike. Usually, the break disc need to resist temperature as high as 150 – 300 degree centigrade. When the vehicle operates it is exposed to many situations and the brake disc need to control the wear and tear and also the friction at this point. According to Agnihotri ( 2014,pg.40-49) â€Å"The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat†. Normally, the brake disc operates in a harsh environment and should be designed to withstand extreme temperature and tedious service atmospheres. To obtain optimum racing brake and service condition the brake disc is manufactured

Media Violence Essay Example for Free

Media Violence Essay Introduction   Ã‚   A number of psychological problems are surfacing these days, especially concerning the younger generation. The open viewer ship of television, movies playing video games instill young children with the aggression violent energy of the show. It has been deduced through extensive research that children who view more media violence are more verbally physically aggressive becoming more anti social as the years pass. â€Å"Media violence exposure is described as a risk factor for aggressive beliefs and behaviors, and it is argued that media violence exposure in combination with other risk factors for aggression (e. g., hostile attribution bias, sex, prior aggression) can produce an effect greater than any single risk factor alone.† (For further review Gentile et al 2004)   Ã‚   Psychologists have been conducting researches to learn more about the physical mental effects of violence through media. The intense antagonistic music, lyrics videos affect the viewers most negatively regardless of their age. Even the cartoons which are meant purely for children’s viewing have turned aggressive boisterous. In classrooms students are getting into fights with co- students forming cliques comprising of most popular un- popular students all derived from the latest TV series. This impact is seen in girls more than in boys; however the boys are more into the aggressive attitudes physically. The matters to be discussed are: How the media affects the minds of young children? What steps are being taken by the parents to control these consequences? What measures are the media related people taking so as to broadcast less violence in TV shows? The government officials dealings to solve this problem? The problems occurring due to this social learning; a process where an individual learns by watching imitating others instead of ones own experiences, by exposure to TV violence in the early years are numerous. Some main points to be highlighted are: Diminishing of the involuntary concern for another’s suffering. Losing the sensitivity towards violence aggression by becoming habitual. Imitating the violent acts as seen in the movie. Exhibiting a hostile attitude towards others. Prevalence of risk factor:   Ã‚   Due to the availability of many media options like cable television, DVDs, the ever progressing video games. Unlimited time is being spent in watching cartoon animated movies, which are becoming more sadistic as the technology advances; generating a number of behavioral, social emotional problems. At times the media simply provide a boom to an already disturbed child under stress due to family or school troubles. Often it causes severe psychotic disorders pervasive developmental disorders with a very low frequency which makes it difficult to identify the main causes. (Merrell K. 1999) Description of risk factor at different ages:   Ã‚   The risk factors in media violence are many observed differently at each age level also gender wise.   A research   concluded at 99% of American families have televisions at home, 87% a VCR,   54% children have televisions video games in their own bedrooms. Average time an American child spends per day, in viewing different types of media is 6 hours 43 minutes; of which 90 minutes each day is spent in playing video games. This deduces that they consume double the amount of time in watching TV playing video games then they spend at school annually. Children are mostly fascinated by the fantasies stories hence fantasy based games are the most popular among kids. The total estimation of the profit earned by the video games industry is a whopping $ 10 billion dollars a year, even crossing the gross of the ever popular motion pictures.    It has not yet been deduced how the media violence effects infants but it may cause them to imitate behaviors in a minimal manner, from what they grasp. Usually the viewer ship becomes stronger when they reach the age of two a half or above. That’s the time when they develop the ability to grasp the right meaning of what they view on television then incorporate it in their actions.    The children of age group 6 8 are most likely to be fascinated by what they view on media. They do not have the experience maturity to characterize between the real life fantasy hence; they feel infatuated by the fictional characters try to imitate their actions verbally physically. Many children, when asked what they want to be when they grow up, answer mostly the names of superheroes they watch admire on TV like superman or batman.   Ã‚  When the movie superman was released many children tried to copy the flying act by tying a cape around their neck jumping from a higher place. This ended up in a number of casualties therefore frustration on not being able to carry out the task, which the superman so flawlessly renders. This is not an only example; the horror movies children view also create negative effects in the young minds. When the movie Childs play was released, a huge number of children threw away their dolls had countless nightmares by imagining the face of chucky the evil doll feeling scared.    The young age is open to magical ideas fantasies. They consider the on-screen violence as reality, this though process gradually develops as the child ages the difference between reality fantasy diminishes. The TV is taking over the family moments. This development is progressing with great pace which is an extremely serious issue needs to be tackled controlled by the parents with the collaboration of the media related people.   Ã‚   The media viewing habits that the children develop at an early stage influence their life throughout the ages. The inspiration they take from the fast paced colorful cartoons movies will embark a feeling of aggression at a premature level. The exploring property of young minds fosters them to learn the violent actions of the characters emulate them themselves. This characteristic is further highlighted by the intense sounds music supporting the movie. Theory    The reality enjoyment level of the violence creates de-sensitization. It is a feeling when the individual, loses the feeling of compassion or sensitivity becomes oblivious to the violence being broadcasted in front of him. This process is cemented by the high levels of graphics being used in video games movies these days. The points or rewards on killing, blood showing body mutilation in video games are considered as normal undertakings.    Depression is considered to be the major psychiatric disease of the 20th century. (M. Abdel et al, 2006) This problem is becoming common in young children as well, mostly appearing during the teenage years, it intervenes with a child’s psychological, social academic functioning evoking a suicidal behavior. The signs are often showcased by a child exhibit frustration low tolerance. Various factors are materializing due to the media violence exposure in children: Epidemiologists who have been studying the factors of violence other common social issues discovered that exposure to violent media played a vital part in 10,000 homicides committed in the United States of America last year (E. Cook, 2000) Individuals preferring heavy metal music are more subjective to psychological disarray, substance exploitation, suicidal risk in the extreme stage during adolescence. The effects of interactive media like internet video games are more enduring persuasive on violent behavior than passive media like television as they have increased levels of aggression hostility having a tendency to make the individual insensitive to violence. An inclination towards using drugs indulging in unsafe sex, contributing to the widely spreading diseases like HIV aids, cancer of different types. Specific effects on children/adolescents     Ã‚  Ã‚  The students of middle school or high school, around the age of 12 to 17 are very much capable of theoretical thinking elucidation. However, when exposed to the world of media they do not utilize these mental abilities, making them as prone to media violence effects as younger children. By this age they get much independence by the parents, thus making them highly vulnerable to in appropriate media. This is more compelling for boys than in girls; however, girls too are being captivated into the same habits nowadays. They indulge in viewing media dealing issues in negative ways including loud music videos, horror often pornographic content.    A research conducted by the of Washington epidemiologist Brandon Centerwall, evaluated that among one- quarter one- third convicted young male criminals had consciously imitated the violent techniques they had seen on television.(Tepperman)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Some percentage of youngsters both male females who associate the media content with real life are more prone to becoming aggressive later in life, however they are less prone to identify with television characters doubt the reality of media at this age as compared to younger children. Whereas younger children, are much enthralled captivated by the aggressive heroes depicted in the media. Excessive exposure to strong media generates some particular effects on children like: The violent behavior might perceive them into becoming attackers. It may induce fear in the individual hence creating a victimized effect. The excessive viewing of violent content may make them insensitive ruthless to the belligerence happening around them in media or in real life. It can make them ambitious for yet more aggression violence by creating an effect of negative desire.    The children studying at elementary school level are very keen in recognizing patterns of the actions depicted in media especially cartoons which appeal to them the most. Their cognitive abilities make it a grave period to make conjectures about the vociferous content recognize motivations of the characters.    The society should show some concern to the risks encompassed being spread through media. The fact that a young mind learns develops aggressive behavior later becomes desensitized to it; has been proven by a number of scientific researches. The violence itself is not the attraction for younger children, the graphic content dramatic production features set up the hype. As young as preschool students view cartoons like Pokemon which has been banned earlier in many countries due to its violent theme.   Ã‚   The children not just enjoy the cartoons; they buy the merchandise games of their favorite show as well. Another factor that appears here is when the families who cannot afford such extravagance fail to comply with the Childs demands; it creates a sense of severance in him or her. This might induce him to steal or get into fights so as to hide this feeling. It has been noted by parents teachers alike, that when preschooler watch any stimulating action oriented content, they become more aggressive in their play. The teenagers have a predisposition to confront conventional authority making them vulnerable to interpret some television violence especially exposà © of suicide murders. Research findings   Ã‚   If we observe the viewer ship of programs like MTV WWE containing explicit matter, it is clear that children most exposed to these programs are verbally physically more aggressive anti social. Children viewing WWE are physically more violent get into more fights at school. Both the viewers showed decline in school grades. Girls surprisingly have a higher tendency than boys to get into fights. The steps that appear in children exposed to violence on media making them most likely to imitate it are: Identification with the hero the program itself. Fantasizing about the program creating one’s own stories on its bases. The aptitude to commit the act. Vulnerability and protective factor    The expansion of children’s media started in the early 1940s up till now comprises of television, video tapes, DVDs, electronic games, interactive soft wares. The visual media has flourished more as compared to the print media like comic story books. The 1990s saw a transformation of media into a more violent physically aggressive medium. The rating system that they used to label the content has not been implemented properly thus provoke the risk of violence in young children, often traumatizing them affecting their judgmental qualities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The media portrays unrealistic concepts regarding beauty physical appearances as sales tactics. This is perceived by the young minds in a negative way propelling them to opt for unhealthy diets suffer body disorders psychological effects when they are unable to attain that look. Minimum 20 hours per week are spent in television viewing by an average American child not counting the time spent on movies, music, video games Internet. This association with media is promoting inactivity the children. Less time is spent on studies social life. The parents use the TV as a way to get the children out of the way. Especially mothers so they can complete housework with ease.    The use of tobacco, alcohol illicit drugs is represented as high glamour in the media. The characters of the movies or TV shows often shown indulging in them. (Clark, 2007) $6 billion $2 billion dollars are spent annually by the tobacco alcohol manufactures respectively in advertising their product. Educational messages are also broadcasted but on a much smaller scale.   Ã‚   Repeated viewing of the harmful content has been noted to lower emotional response to violence increase hostility in individuals. Studies have documented that desensitization results in reduced arousal and emotional disturbance while witnessing violence.   Ã‚   A survey conducted in Ohio, in 1998 of more than 2000 3-8 grade students showed that as the viewer ship increased the psychological effects like anxiety, depression posttraumatic stress increased as well. (Cantor, 2002) A normal American child witness more than 8000 murders on media by the time he’s 11, 75% of these show the murderer performing the act without any regret making the children either insensitive or fearful of the society’s negative acts. (Gentile et all, 2004)   A national survey in 1999 revealed that 62% parents of children ages ranging from 2-17 confessed their child being frightened by something they saw on TV. Strengths and limitations Surveys were conducted, strength is that research will have positive implications if steps taken to avoid exposure of media on young children. Our research limitation is that we have to rely on questionnaires for this study. Though every person who takes the survey we take consent to be truthful and honest, but still some people might not be serious in answering the questions.   Ã‚   The research we conducted brought out many views issues concerning the media’s violent nature by parents psychological experts. Many a times the results deduced by a survey are not 100% accurate due to the answers not being stated with honesty. Often parents hide their children’s problems so as to cast a positive likeable image in front of others. Thus, giving false information diluting the research. Further investigation should be planned executed to fully extract the true happenings. This can help in contriving the broadcast of media to promote positive points among its viewers. The studies should be devised with a broad view so as to cover all the aspects whether good or bad. Often the experts do not co-operate with the evaluators therefore the end results lack professional guidelines. Expert opinion is always required to cement the result of surveys strengthen the evaluation.    The researches conducted in schools proved to be quite remarkable helped in collecting physical psychological health of the children. The information given was backed by the annual report cards examination results of each student. More studies should be conducted in different level schools. It provides a beneficial lead in devising theories regarding the children. Future directions for research Further research is needed in this field and especially research must be conducted to study the effect of media on developmental psychology of children. Future research will reveal how violence in media is affecting children and the related frequency of occurrence of abnormal psychological disorders. This will help taking further steps to stop such media violence and avoid psychological problems.    The research conducted proves that moderate television viewing with parents check is rather favorable for the young children. The media can be used as an effective tool in teaching developing sound habits in children through parental guidance proper planning of the medium’s people. Parents can use the specific shows as guidelines to satisfy the child’s inquisition. Watching programs with good values ethics on TV can help the children understand the right way to behave.    However the media is being used in a limited way, the variety of messages that can be incorporated through the medium is being ignored. Changes must be designed to use the medium in a finest way. The gaps left by this research evaluation should be fulfilled by further researches that are extensively conducted.    Advertising entertainment industries represent the culture spirit of the respective country to the rest of the world must not be used casually. Parents teachers should come up with strategies to create a sense of understanding in the children from an early age.   The parents should realize what effects the movies content on TV are having on their children try to minimize TV viewing at home level. Some ways that may be incorporated by parents to limit children’s revelation to violence are: Restricting keeping a check on what their children view on TV Discussing the programs with older children or young adults to clear their minds of any confusion help them in expressing their opinions. Start a family oriented time by going for picnics, organizing a special lunch or dinner. Allow the children to watch TV for a selected time period only programs that are desirable for their viewing. Offer criticism on TV channels sponsors for showing in appropriate programs or content so as to force them to use proper censorship. Conclusion    The effects whether positive or negative concerning today’s media are out in the open. It is the duty of every individual to counter such issues raise their voices to control them. Many researches experiments are being conducted to realize the short-term long-term effects of violent media. Feelings of hostility, revenge, anger sprout in a young mind provoke him or her to retaliate. Many reasons that promote violence on media are present. Often the viewer the broadcaster thinks the effect is too minute to make a difference in anyone’s mind, nevertheless children are affected by the smallest of acts without worrying about its positive or negative aspect. The media declaring that that there is no understanding of the definition of violence among the people continue to showcase the explicit content. They further comprehend by saying they show what the people want to watch. Believing that violence shown on media is simply showcasing real life. This is mostly observed in news channels movies, where gruesome details of murder accidents are shown openly. Parents allow children to view violent content in the name of comedy, many well-liked shows illustrate this example such as the ever popular tom jerry cartoon which shows both the characters beating or pummeling each other References Anon., (May 28, 2003) Preventing violence by teaching non-violent problem-solving American Psychological Association, [accessed 1st December 2007] http://www.psychologymatters.org/bandura2.html Anon, (February 19, 2004) Violence in the media psychologists helps protect children from harmful effects American Psychological Association [accessed 1st December 2007] http://www.psychologymatters.org/mediaviolence.html Donald E. Cook, (September 13, 2000) Testimony of the American academy of pediatrics on media violence presented to the U.S. senate commerce committee http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/mediaviolencetestimony.pdf Douglas A. Gentile, David A. Walsh, Paul R. Ellison, Michelle Fox Jennifer Cameron (May, 2004) Media violence as a risk factor for children: a longitudinal study presented to the American Psychological Society 16th Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois- pgs 2-5 Jean Tepperman, [January-February 1997]. What do children learn from media violence? Childrens Advocate newsmagazine, Action Alliance for Children Action Alliance for Children [accessed 1st December 2007] http://www.4children.org/news/1-97toxl.htm Joanne Cantor, (April 19, 2002). The psychological effects of media violence on children and adolescents Presented at the Colloquium on Television and Violence in Society http://www.joannecantor.com/montrealpap_fin.htm Kenneth W. Merrell, (1999) Assessment of other behavioral, social, and emotional problems: Behavioral, Social and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents Lawrence Erlbaum Associates- Mahwah, NJ. Publication chapter 11, pg 275 http://www.questia.com/read/28160055# Laura B. Clark (2007) Influence on children media history of media for children, general considerations, studies of media influence, domains of influence, recommendations Education Encyclopedia http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2212/Media-Influence-on-Children.html Moataz M. Abdel- Fattah Abdel-Rahman A. Asal, (August 13, 2006) Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia copyright  © 2005 Europes Journal of Psychology [Accessed 1st December 2007] http://www.ejop.org/archives/2006/08/prevalence_symp.htm Wendy L. Josephson, (February 1995) Television violence: a  review of the effects on children of different ages for the Department of Canadian Heritage Reprinted with permission, by the Media Awareness Network. September 1997 [accessed on 1st December 2007] http://www.cfc-efc.ca/docs/mnet/00001068.htm